4. 工作题材 Work

　　引言

　　工作话题是雅思作文常考的话题，主要围绕着：运动员或明星高薪是否合理临时性工作的利弊频繁跳槽的利弊学生做兼职的利弊男女在工作方面的平等。也是剑桥系列考官范文最多的一个话题关于薪酬不平等给出两篇范文。这类话题也是 G 类考生的重点，因为 G 类写作重点是工作和孩子教育问题，G 类考生需要对此类题目特别关注。

　　工作题目真题再现

　　A 类话题

　　20091114 Some people say that professional workers such as doctors, nurses and teachers make

　　greater contribution. So they should be paid more than those sport and entertainment persons. To

　　what extent do you agree or disagree?

　　关键词解读：

　　20091203 Some people tend to take temporary jobs, for they have the time to do other things they

　　are interested in. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

　　关键词解读：

　　20100415 Some people think that men and women have different qualities. Therefore, some

　　certain jobs are suitable for men and some jobs are suitable for women. To what extent do you

　　agree or disagree.

　　关键词解读：

　　20100619 An increasing number of people change their career and place of residence several

　　times during their life time. Is this a positive or negative development?

　　关键词解读：

　　G 类话题

　　20090613 Many people prefer to stay the same type of work all their life, and others prefer to

　　change the type of work. Discuss both sides and state your own opinion.

　　关键词解读：

　　20090905 Some students do part-time jobs during studying. Do you think it has more advantages

　　or disadvantages?

　　关键词解读：

　　其中 A 类和 G 类的题目有部分重合，以下两道题目都是讨论高薪话题。

　　A 类的 Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other

　　important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.

　　Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

　　关键词解读：

　　G 类的 Some people feel that entertainment (e.g. film stars, pop musicians or sports stars)are paid

　　too much money. Do you agree or disagree? Which other types of job should be highly paid?

　　关键词解读：

　　工作满足感

　　◎ 因素

　　员工可以从很多方面获得对工作的满足感(Employees get job satisfaction in a number of

　　ways)，几个方面的因素能促进工作的满足感(many factors contribute to job satisfaction)，

　　主要围绕几个意识(sense)，上级的良好反馈(positive feedback from superiors)、成就感( a

　　sense of fulfillment)、提升自己(a sense of progress)、团队的归属感(a sense of belonging to a

　　team or a working community)，团队的责任感和忠诚度(a sense of responsibility for and the

　　loyal to a team)，当然如果个人性、和工作性质相吻合就更好了(a job that suits both their

　　skills and their personality)。以上几个因素能促成满意感的增加(contributes to job

　　satisfaction)。

　　◎ 增加满足感

　　公司应该创造公平的竞争环境(create fair competition environment)、机会均等(equal

　　opportunity)、提升机会(chance of promotion)、给员工提供自我实现的机会(self-fulfillment,

　　self-realization)等等。

　　大学生找工作难

　　◎大学生作为(job-hunter/ job-seeker)，很多雇主不愿意招聘没有太多经验(inexperienced)的刚

　　毕业的大学生(Many employers would not like to recruit newly graduated students without

　　much experience)。此外，大学生对自己的求职目标定位很高(set high career objective)，因

　　此有些不切实际(unrealistic)。同时由于失业率的上升(high rate of unemployment)、人才的

　　竞争十分激烈(the competition for jobs is fierce)、且供需不平衡(the imbalance of supply and

　　demand)就会使找工作雪上加霜(add insult to injury)。

　　◎ 解决之道

　　找工作不能纸上谈兵(be an armchair strategist)，应该有正确的职位定位(define their career

　　goals)，不要太理想化(less idealistic)。注重专业知识和实践技能(emphasize on both

　　academic knowledge and practical skills)，参加各类的职业培训(vocational skills training)，

　　做到自我提升(self-lifting/ self-enhancement)，增强竞争力(competitiveness)。

　　兼职

　　◎ 经济上的独立(economically independent)，积累工作经验(accumulate working experience)，

　　培养解决问题的能力(cultivate the ability of problem-solving)，养成良好的沟通技巧

　　(communicational skill)，有助于自己追求未来的职业目标(pursue their career goals)，对自

　　己的职业目标进行定位(define their career objective)，养成一定的竞争意识(cultivate

　　competitive consciousness)。

　　高薪

　　◎ 运动员和明星具有高额的收入(sports professionals, film stars, pop musicians are paid huge

　　salaries)，相比之下，教师、护士及研究人员收入平平(teachers, nurses, laboratory researchers

　　are never listed among the best-paid professionals)，甚至是科学家(research scientists)和政治

　　家(leading politicians)都无法企及，因此很多人觉得他们(earn their fortunes so quickly)，收

　　入不公平(unfair rewards，not justifiable)。收入的差异是不合理的(The gaps between their

　　earnings and those of people who work less selfishly for the good of society cannot be

　　justified)。很多位社会做贡献的职业也应该(be much better appreciated and better paid)。

　　◎ 如何解释其合理性(How to justify the huge earnings)? 可能的原因在于高收入反映的是体

　　育的一种公众流行程度(public popularity)。拥有真正天赋的职业运动员数量极少(the

　　number of professionals with real talent is very few)，薪酬体现了对于为成功而必须拥有的

　　技能和贡献的认可(the money is a recognition of the skills and dedication)。相对短暂的职业

　　生涯里(in their relatively short career)，职业巅峰期短暂(do not hold their top positions

　　long)，很快就会被人取代(be replaced)。竞争无处不在(Competition is constant)来自媒体的

　　压力很大(The pressure from the media is intense)，几乎无隐私可言(there is little privacy out

　　of the spotlight)。

　　跳槽

　　◎ 跳槽(switch one job to another)是个很普遍的现象(It is a common practice that…)。原因也

　　是多方面的(manifold)：首先可能是工资问题(inadequate payment)，工资过低(unreasonable

　　salary)会促使很多人(change their jobs)。其次是环境：包括工作环境(working environment)，

　　同事间的良好关系与否(interpersonal relationship and peer pressure)，竞争环境(competitive

　　environment)，及是否有提升的机会(promotion)。为了寻求这些方面的平衡(strike a balance)

　　以及实现自我价值(self-fulfillment)，很多人愿意换工作(inclined to hop from one job to

　　another)。

　　性别差异

　　◎ 现代女性社会地位的提升(social status)，接受了良好的教育(receive good education)，重新定位性别差异且改变了女性地位(recast gender relation and alter the status quo)。科技的发展带来了远程工作(telecommuting)，越来越多的女性走入职场(labor force)，很多女性可以充分发挥才能(give full play to talents)。男性在职场上的主导地位(men’s dominance)被打破，然而性别歧视(gender discrimination)还是屡见不鲜(common occurrence)，甚至是根深蒂固 (prejudice against women is deeply rooted)，因此解决收入不均(address disparity of

　　rewards between male and female)就是一个很突出的问题。

　　词汇部分

　　career n. 事业，职业

　　【同义表达】occupation n. 职业； profession n. 职业，专业； vocation n. 职业，天职

　　【考官例句】Competition is constant and a player is tested every time they perform in their

　　relatively short career.

　　在相对短暂的职业生涯中，运动员面临着不断的竞争及考验。

　　词汇拓展

　　career choice 事业选择

　　career counseling 职业咨询

　　career development 职业发展

　　career objective 职业目标

　　career path 职业道路

　　career planning 职业生涯规划

　　career prospects 职业前程

　　career-oriented 以事业为中心

　　profession n. 职业，专业

　　【同源词汇】professional adj. 专业的，职业的 n. 专业人员； professionally adv. 专业地，

　　内行地

　　【经典搭配】professional ethics 职业道德

　　professional training 职业培训

　　all professions and trades 各行各业

　　【考官例句】However, it is also true that it is only those who reach the very top of their

　　profession who can get there huge salaries.

　　然而也只有那些达到事业顶峰的人才能获得高薪回报。

　　【句架提炼】It is true that… （……确实是，主语从句）

　　It is sb. who… （强调句型）

　　professional n. 职业运动员，专业人员

　　【考官例句】As a result of constant media attention, sports professionals in my country have

　　become stars and celebrities, and those at the top are paid huge salaries.

　　由于媒体的不断关注，在我的国家，职业运动员成了明星和名人，那些最优秀

　　的运动员的薪酬丰厚。

　　full-time job 全职工作

　　【同义表达】full-time employment 全职工作

　　【考官例句】Nowadays many adults have full-time jobs and the proportion of their lives spent

　　doing such jobs is very high.

　　现在很多人都拥有一份全职工作，而且很多的时间也都花在工作上。

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