相信很多同学在听力备考时都会经历到一个阶段：考的没记，记的没考，然后就开始怀疑人生。因此常会提出的问题就是：我到底该听什么、记什么?

　　其实看似纷繁复杂的事情，背后的道理往往越简单，所谓大道至简，托福也一样。

　　对于托福对话而言，不论话题是什么，一定都会按照“提出问题→分析问题→解决问题”的结构来推进，而在这之中，我们要特别关注的就是新话题的开启，因为听力出题一般存在一个规律：就是每个题通常都会对应其中一个话题。

　　那么问题来了，我们怎么知道哪里是新话题?同学们只要记住，永远去关注对话中出现的新信息，所谓新信息，就是前文从来没有出现过的信息，它的出现标志着老师和学生可能会就这一信息展开讨论，也就构成了我们之前提到的“新话题”。

　　下面，柚子就以tpo4的第二篇对话为例，为大家做一个详细的结构和考点分析，各位重点体会。(建议先听再看)

　　TPO4 Conversation 2

　　Narrator

　　Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor.

　　Professor

　　Hey, Jane, you look like you are in a hurry.

　　Student

　　Yeah, things are a little crazy.

　　Professor

　　Oh yeah? What’s going on?

　　(老师直接问怎么了，引出主题的一句话，注意听学生回答)

　　【提出问题】

　　Student

　　Oh, it’s nothing. Well,since it’s your class, I guess it’s OK. It’s, it’s just that I am having trouble with my group project.(出现了新信息)

　　Professor

　　Ah, yes, due next week. What’s your group doing again?

　　(老师话题突然转变了一下，问了学生的课题)

　　Student

　　It’s about United States Supreme Court Decisions. (课题名称，需要简记，有时会出考点)We are looking at the impact of recent cases on property rights, municipal land use cases, owning disputes.(听不太清的内容，考试时可以放掉不要纠结，一般不考)

　　Professor

　　Right, OK. And it’s not going well?(话题再次回到问题上来，仍在提出问题的阶段，注意听学生回答)

　　Student

　　Not really. I’m worried about the other two people in my group. They are just sitting back, notreally doing their fair share of the work and waiting for an A. It’s kind of stressing me out, because we are getting close to the deadline and I feel like I’m doing everything for this project.

　　(学生提出问题，出现新信息other two people等，需听懂)

　　Professor

　　Ah, the good old free rider problem.

　　Student

　　Free rider? (老师提出了一个新词，学生没听懂，继续听老师的解释)

　　Professor

　　Ah, it’s just a term that describes this situation,when people in the group seek to get the benefits of being in a group without contributing to the work. (对新词的解释，听懂意思即可，不需要记录，等于定义的处理方法)Anyway, what exactly do you mean when you say they just sit back? I mean, they’ve been filing the weekly progress reports with me.(老师收到了进程报告，所以继续询问)

　　Student

　　Yes, but I feel like I’m doing 90% of the work. I hate to sound so negative here, but honestly, they are taking credit for things they shouldn’t take credit for. (重复信息) Like last week in the library, we decided to split up the research into 3 parts and then each of us was supposed to find sources in the library for our parts. I went off to the stack and found some really good material for my part, but when I got back to our table, they were just goofing off and talking. So I went and got materials for their sections as well. (学生举例说明问题，出现了新信息library，需要听出大概意思是组员不找资料，女生就做了他们的工作)

　　Professor

　　Um…you know you shouldn’t do that.(老师表明态度，重要考点!)

　　Student

　　I know, but I didn’t want to risk the project going down the drain.

　　【分析问题】

　　Professor

　　I know Teresa and Kevin.I had both of them in other courses. So, I’m familiar with the work and work habits.(教授转而提到两个学生的工作习惯，帮助学生分析问题，属于突然提到的其他信息，要听出目的，重要考点x2!)

　　Student

　　I know, me too. And that’s why this has really surprised me.

　　(从学生的态度能够听出组员的工作态度一贯是很认真的)

　　Professor

　　Do you…does your group like your topic?(教授继续分析问题，出现新信息topic)

　　Student

　　Well, I think we’d all rather focus on cases that deal with personal liberties, questions about freedom of speech,things like that. But I chose property rights.(学生提到自己的选题，but后面是重点)

　　Professor

　　You chose the topic?(无新信息)

　　Student

　　Yeah, I thought it would be good for us, all of us to try something new.(学生选题的原因，因果考点，重点关注)

　　【解决问题】

　　Professor

　　Um…maybe that’s part of the problem. Maybe Teresa and Kevin aren’t that excited about the topic? And since you picked it,have you thought…talk to them at all about picking a different topic?(老师给出的解决方案要记下，重要考点x3!)

　　Student

　　But we’ve got all the sources and it’s due next week. We don’t have time to start from scratch.(被学生否定，没时间了)

　　Professor

　　OK, I will let you go cause I know you are so busy.But you might consider talking to your groupabout your topic choice.(教授继续给建议，至少和他们谈一谈)

　　Student

　　I will think about it. Got to run, see you in class.